![]() ![]() Notes: Within the notes section of the invoice, you can stipulate any additional terms of service that you've agreed to with your customer.So please consult your local tax resource to determine how much tax you should be applying to your invoices. This rate may differ depending on the geographic location you're business operates in. Tax: Indicating the tax rate applied to the cost of the goods or services provided is legally required on invoices.The line items also require a quantity so the customer knows how many goods or services they are being billed for, the price of the line item and tax rate applied to it, and the amount the line item costs. Line Item: Each line item on an invoice should have a name for the goods or services provided, along with a description of those goods and services. ![]() And, since invoices are often due in a specified number of days after receival, the invoice date is important in showcasing when payment is due. Invoice Date: The invoice date indicates when an invoice has been issued which helps your customers if they are receiving multiple invoices from you.Invoice numbers can be formatted in different ways such as file numbers, billing codes or date-based purchase order numbers. Invoice Number: Every invoice has a unique identifier in the form of an invoice number, which helps you keep track of multiple invoices.Bill to: Your customer's business name and address will be displayed within this section, as it indicates who is being invoiced for the receival of goods or services.Your Company Name & Address: The name and address of your company is usually displayed at the top of your invoice in order to differentiate between the company that is providing the goods and services and the company that is receiving them.Description: A description aides in helping your customer understand the nature of the goods and services being invoiced for.This is helpful for when tax time rolls around and for keeping accurate records of your invoices. Title: A title is a critical element of an invoice because it allows you, and your client, to differentiate between invoices.There are 10 elements of an invoice that you should be aware of, some of which are necessary while others can be used for customization. ![]()
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![]() Didi, are you there?” I’d be sitting in the middle and I’d say: “Yeah I am!” And the people would go berserko. During her Grease segment, she would say: “Some of us have made friends that have lasted 40 years, and I have a friend like that. It was great because I got to be a rock star for five minutes. ![]() In later years, I went to see her perform all over. And the guys, their tongues were hanging out, they were drooling. Everybody went crazy and said they just couldn’t believe it. We were doing the scene at the drive-in and, at one point, this very gorgeous, sexy woman with big hair and high red shoes comes walking between the cars. Well, there was a hot momma smouldering underneath that beautiful exterior. Her character in Grease starts off as this goody-goody-two-shoes, and that was Olivia’s reputation too. Olivia Newton-John and Didi Conn in Grease. She had a terrible cold, but she wasn’t thinking of herself, she was always thinking of what she could do for others. It was so small and she kept it right next to her chest, in her sports bra, the whole time. I went for eight days and I remember Olivia found a little lost kitten, which she called Magic. Each walker was sponsored and I don’t know how many millions that brought in. One of the things she did was a 21-day hike on the Great Wall of China. She raised millions for the Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre in Melbourne. She became a good friend, she really was there for Chloe and it was so important for her to share with the world what she went through and how she beat it – not only surviving cancer, but thriving. In that moment, she made a decision that she was going to get better, which she did. But when she first got diagnosed with cancer, she had Chloe, and Chloe was very young. When we first met, she was a rock star with No 1s and TV specials. That purity, that sweetness, that beauty, I saw that the very first moment I met her From then on, I’d always get those Leibniz biscuits with milk chocolate on top. ![]() Travolta came up there and we talked about acting teachers – he didn’t believe in acting teachers. We went horseback riding up at her place. I happened to live just down the road from her in Malibu, so we spent a lot of time together. That was the beginning of a deeper friendship. ![]() She hugged and kissed me afterwards and said “thank you, thank you!” for helping to break the ice. I had to wear gloves, and the boys went in one place and girls went in another.” And before we knew it, Randal, our director, was saying “Action”. I said: “What was it like going to school in Australia?” She said: “Oh my God. I’m so happy you’re my neighbour and we can come to school together!”, and she’s looking at me like, is this in the script? But then she caught on and we had so much fun. When we did our first day of shooting together, she was very nervous, so being the veteran film actress I was (I only did two movies before that one) I began to improvise with her as Frenchy. With stars, you tend to keep a distance until you feel that the time is right, so we didn’t talk too much at first, except that she told me how cute she thought John Travolta was. She arrived in this white T-Bird convertible with the top down. ![]() The first time I met Olivia Newton-John was on the set of Grease in 1977. ![]() ![]() ![]() Take that! And that! īoth: AAAAAAAAHHHH!!!Ĭontrol Freak: Spanish language converter. It is also noted that Más y Menos represent the negative and positive poles of a battery.Ĭontrol Freak: I can't understand you. It is likely that this is a pun, based on the Spanish saying "mas o menos" ("more or less"). įun Fact III: The twins' battle cry is "¡Más y Menos, sí podemos!" which means, "Plus and Minus, yes we can!" also as "More and Less, yes we can!" in Spanish. guión-menos signos más y menos signo más-menos, menos es más, ángulo, texto, logo png 1280x366px 2. osomatsu-san jyushimatsu ichimatsu matsuno mas y menos teen tians. įun Fact I: The "minus" symbol on the chest Menos seems a road sign of Access Prohibition.strange, isn't it?įun Fact II: Their shoes were a nightmare, I didn't find a good boot shape and I had to build it from scratch, so they are not exactly identical to their television counterpart. er, Twin Speedsters : Mas Y Menos !Īnd with that we conclude the Titans East team. Cada día son compartidos a través de las redes sociales y plataformas de mensajería millones de mensajes acompañados de los emojis, los populares dibujos. This’ll go on for two months both in and out of universe (with two months time out of universe, that’ll about four issues since the book is biweekly, yet double sized at least for this case) before Dick and Kory return to Earth, move into their new apartment together and that’ll be the new status quo.Finally I managed to get a ( more or less ) satisfactory version of our twins sprinters. Ms y Menos: MS Y MENOS SI PODEMOS Central Theme: The central theme of. ![]() Keep and yes, as stated previously the honeymoon would be a cross galaxy trip for the newly weds so you can imagine all the shenanigans and adventures they’d get into, ranging from planets full of cosmic and strange (like say hobbit sized squid people who also happen to be trying to tame kaiju sized whale monsters) or familiar space based faces ranging from Mongul of Warworld to the various colored Lantern Corps (you can no doubt bet Star Sapphire Carol Ferris would give her congrats to the two while they team up against a Yellow Lantern attack) See more ideas about raven teen titans, teen titans, teen titans fanart. Once War of the Supervillains wraps up and status quos are reinstated especially for the Titans, Dick and Kory’s relationship is now stronger than ever before, thus leaving a pathway to their marriage wide open.Sure both are emotionally exhausted and burnout by recent events in their lives but they go through their issues together and strive to stay together, whether it be at Haly’s Circus once again traveling across the country or Kory taking a residence at Key West, Florida. Before the events of War of the Supervillains, Dick and Kory, now more or less in temporary retirement, are able to meet up with one another and share their experiences and interpersonal matters between them.this combined with other unfortunate events to an entire half of the Titans leaves Wally West and Tempest aka Garth with no other options but to travel through time and ask for help from….themselves, their young Teen Titans selves, to which the Fab Five agree to and they travel forward in time and resolve to stay in this new future until things are set right. At the same time, the rest of the Titans would be attending to a crisis in space no doubt Tamaran related which leaves Starfire aka Princess Koriand’r emotionally shook to her core, and the B team of the Titans split with Red Arrow aka Roy Harper forming his own splinter anti hero team called Arsenal Inc.In between said events, Titans Leader Nightwing aka Dick Grayson would’ve had his secret identity discovered by a crime boss in Bludhaven with a massive grudge and used against him, more or less ruining his life and leaving the black and blue clad alter-ego wanted by the state Bludhaven is within with a massive bounty for a crime he didn’t commit ( Clipped Wings and it’s subsequent Batfamily crossover Blue Hawk Down). ![]()
![]() ![]() “The cost of that many cards? I just heard - no Christmas tree at Rockefeller Center.” Meyers also notes that the special, guest-free episode required more cue cards than they have ever used in “Late Night” history. “You remember in ‘The Shawshank Redemption,’ the character Brooks who was in prison so long he didn’t know how to be out of prison? That’s me when I don’t have this office to come to.” “We haven’t done our show for five months and I’m just mostly so happy to be with you here tonight,” he says. Meyers - dressed in a black sweater and jeans, a more casual look he has sported since the pandemic - takes to the stage and spends a few minutes speaking off the cuff to the audience before the taping begins. All the while, Feresten continues to mark up the cue cards with a Sharpie - crossing out a word here, adding a red underline for emphasis there - before handing it to a young assistant over his right shoulder.Īn hour later, it’s showtime. Lauren Boebert getting “horned up” at “Beetlejuice the Musical” is reworked because John Oliver had a similar punchline on Sunday’s “Last Week Tonight.” They tinker with the wording of a bit about a (non-existent) podcast hosted by ex-presidents to help Meyers land his wobbly Jimmy Carter impression. ![]() Gentile, longtime producer Michael Shoemaker and head writer Alex Baze are in the room making revisions on the fly.Ī joke about Rep. Meyers returns to the task at hand, racing through material updated to include Trump’s combative appearance earlier that day in a Manhattan courtroom. “When your wife hears the chain saw, she goes, ‘SAL!’” says Meyers, feigning the voice of an indignant woman. “Well over 250,” Feresten replies, joking that he had to cut down a tree in his backyard to make the cue cards. The host looks at the massive stack of posterboard in Feresten’s left hand, and asks how many cards he’s prepared for the night - anticipating a record. With his feet on a desk, Meyers sits facing Wally Feresten, who creates the handwritten cue cards for every episode of “Late Night” and “Saturday Night Live.” The script for the supersized “Closer Look,” by supervising writer and producer Sal Gentile, runs 80 pages. The last time “Late Night With Seth Meyers” was in production, Tucker Carlson had just been fired from Fox News and former President Trump had only been indicted a single time.Ī lot has happened in the five months since the show has been off the air, so for their post-strike return, Meyers and his team decided to do an extended version of “A Closer Look,” the recurring segment that takes a deep dive into a subject in the news. on Monday and Seth Meyers is in his dressing room at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, running through cue cards for the first time since the Writers Guild of America went on strike May 2. ![]() ![]() Go to Next page to continue making the origami lily. Step 6: Lift the left flap up, open it, and squash down like before. Step 4: Open up the top layer and squash down while creasing the sides. Step 3: Fold the left corner to the right corner, creasing at the center. color printer The flowers will not look right at all if you do this in black and white. If you do not have card stock, regular paper will work, but you may need to glue two sheets together. Stargazer lily flowers grow on the top of tall stems and produce stunning blooms during summer. They are also called starburst lilies, starlight lilies, or just Stargazers. 0:00 / 22:54 how to make Easy Paper Flowers Oriental Lily (flower 113) Urvashi Gupta 44.8K subscribers 162K views 6 years ago This is such a beautiful flower, making it was very interesting. Step 2: Fold the top corner to the bottom corner, crease the center. paper I use regular printer paper for the majority of this, but I prefer card stock for the vase. The Stargazer lily ( Lilium) is a popular hybrid of lily plant similar to Japanese wild red lilies and Asiatic lilies. Step 1: Start with a square piece of origami paper, but if you only have regular 8.5x11 paper, follow these instructions to make a square sheet. Each hole should be spaced at least 2 inches (5 cm) apart, although more room is even better. ![]() The extra inches of soil protect the bulbs from lower temperatures, too. If the hole is too shallow, then the bulb may gradually become exposed on the surface and rot. It will look nice on your desk and it's not hard to fold at all. Dig a 6-inch (15 cm) deep hole for each bulb. The origami lily looks nice on it's own if you just want to hang it somewhere, but it also comes with a stem that requires a separate sheet of paper to make and I highly encourage you fold that one also. This is the complete tutorial on the higanbana (Red Spider lily) paper flowerNew tutorials will be uploaded every Sunday.Please LIKE, SUBSCRIBE, SHARE, COMME. Just follow the instructions carefully and I'm sure you'll be able to successfuly make one. The origami lily is a pretty little paper flower that's not too difficult to fold, but it isn't exactly easy neither. ![]() The origami lily is the same as the iris so don't be alarmed if you can't tell the difference between the two. These also make a stunning gift topper.Follow the steps below to make this Origami Iris. This is a fun and easy flower and what a great way to add some fall color to your home or office. You will want to download it onto your computer and open it with just a double click to see the full color of this PDF. Remember that when it opens in your browser window as a preview it will not show the full print. Making paper stargazer lilies is easier than you think In this video, I'll show you how to make realistic looking flowers out of paper that will last forever. This selection features large flowers bearing vibrant colours of light. You will find the PDF download button at the end of the post. Oriental Lilies are later to bloom than other Lilies. This printable is best when you use a laser printer and you can find one at many office supply stores where they will print at a reasonable price. The PDF includes a front with the petal and leaf shapes and a full-bleed back that will give you the two-sided finished look. Unlike most of my paper flowers I printed this watercolor template onto cards stock. (See the secret message in the scrabble pieces). Needless to say this paper flower was created with love and very dear to my heart. My mother and all three sisters have the traditional Irish red hair and freckled complexion, similar to a tiger lily, so I have always associated the tiger lily with the four of them. Immediately after posting the pink lily, my oldest sister prompted me to make this deep orange freckled version. You can print the petals out so no drawing skill is required. Itll soon become your faovorite paper flower. ![]() We fold our origami flowers using standard sized. Learn how to make this paper stargazer lily. ![]() It reminds me of an Easter Lily and I do promise I will post that printable as well. Every bouquet is a one off design and guaranteed to be a truly unique and special gift that will last forever. Here is the story of my original inspiration for this flower: Prior to the tiger lily I had created the pink day lily that you can see in the tutorial. bookpageflowers ivory stargazer stargazerlily wedding weddingflowers. ![]() ![]() The Installer is available for immediate download from the Installer homepage. And it's in Format, so it automatically works with the Platform including the Menu and Backup Utility. It supports upgrades by installing right over an existing copy, preserving all settings. Installer is packaged, appropriately, as a Installer so it will automatically detect an existing installation when your drive is plugged in. uTorrent Portable is the standalone version of the popular torrent client that allows you to take it with you wherever you go. If you need help packaging your software in Format or using the Installer, just post a note to the Development Forum and we'll help you out. It is self contained, your calibre libraries and settings are all. Commercial publishers can contact us for details. The calibre Portable build can be run on any Windows computer running at least Windows 10. Freeware publishers can also use our installer with no special permission needed for no charge. Open source projects can use our installer (and all source is included and licensed under the GPL) and release their own PAF files. Its packaged in Format so it can easily integrate with the Platform.And its open source and completely free. qBittorrent is a fast, lightweight bittorrent client with a familiar interface. The Installer allows software publishers to package their apps using our popular tools. A new version of qBittorrent Portable has been released. Licensed for use with free open source and freeware.Interactive mode to assist with missing entries.Works from command line and Send To (just pass the portable app's main directory, e.g.Automatic integration with the Platform.Easy configuration with no coding required.The Installer allows you to easily package your portable apps. Update automatically or install from the portable app store in the Platform. Commercial use is available by contacting. Its packaged in Format so it can easily integrate with the Platform. ![]() The Format Specification and installer are available for outside developers to use and can be used freely with free open source and freeware applications. A new version of qBittorrent Portable has been released. Click to download or scroll further down for more information and context on some of the apps. This release works around an NSIS bug causing command lines to show in the status text. Here's a quick and dirty list of all the apps mentioned in this article. The Installer allows you to quickly package your portable apps in an easy-to-use installer without having to write or compile any code. There are the bare-bones ones like Deluge, or if you’re looking for something with fuller features, then Tixati could be your next torrent. Portable has some important issues to keep in mind in terms of portability that differ from other portable apps. is proud to announce that Installer 3.7.8 has been released. Free Download Manager is a comprehensive download manager with support for bandwidth optimization, pause and resume, torrent files, flash video downloads, and lots more. ![]() ![]() ![]() Dizziness, shortness of breath, and nausea occur in moderately severe reactions. Gastrointestinal system symptoms may consist of mild nausea, diarrhoea, and/or abdominal cramping. Skin manifestations include flushing, itch, angioedema, urticaria, and redness in areas distant from the bite/sting and/or a generalised distribution. Mild systemic reactionĪ mild systemic reaction involving the skin and/or gastrointestinal system develops in less than 1% of ant bites/stings. In many cases, the severity peaks after 1 to 2 days, and takes 7 to 10 days to resolve. Large local reactionĪ large local reaction of pain, erythema, blisters, swelling, and itch is defined as involving a large area of skin greater than 10 cm around the bite/sting site persisting for at least 24 hours. A local reaction lasts for less than 24 hours. The swelling is usually less than 5 cm in diameter, and is sometimes urticarial (wealing). It consists of localised pain, itch, redness, swelling, and induration. Local reaction is the most common presentation following an ant bite/sting. ![]() Allergic reactions to Hymenoptera are classified into 4 categories: Local reaction Generally, allergic reactions to Hymenoptera bites are milder than to stings. Myrmecia pilosula, commonly known as the jack jumper ant, is native to Australia, and is the most common cause of Hymenoptera-induced fatal anaphylaxis in Tasmania.Īllergic reactions to ant bites and stings Pachycondyla chinensis is an invasive ant species that has spread to New Zealand from Far East Asia, and the sting can cause anaphylaxis. However, the sting from harvester ants and fire ants can cause unpleasant symptoms and may lead to allergic reactions. ![]() Most ants are too small to effectively bite humans, and their sting is mild. Although they can nearly all bite or sting, few cause significant local and/or systemic reaction in humans. There are more than 12,000 species of ants. The order of Hymenoptera includes bees and wasps. More about antsĪnts belong to Hymenoptera insect order, under the family of Formicidae. Large local reactions and systemic reactions are IgE-mediated, seen in individuals already sensitised to ant venom. Ants form nests comprising several mounds of varied height and diameter, sometimes reaching more than 0.5 metre and several centimetres high.Īnts tend to be more numerous in areas with: Who gets an ant bite?Īnyone in contact with ants is at risk of ant bites or stings, particularly if they are in an area where ants build their nests. Yet other species of ants neither bite nor sting, but instead spray formic acid. Fire ants grasp the skin (bite) then inject venom with their stinger (which is immediately painful). A bite differs from a sting: only female ants have a stinger, the caudal-most part of their bodies. An ant bite occurs when an ant bites using their mandibles and mouth to pinch human skin. ![]() ![]() ![]() Rocket League Video game Electronic Entertainment Expo 2016 Psyonix, Rocket, game, team, video Game png 902x939px 229.2KB.Rocket League Xbox One Ranking Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars Tom Clancy's The Division, diamon, blue, angle, triangle png 1381x1381px 626.28KB.purple diamond crown illustration, Rocket League Ranking Tom Clancy's The Division Cloud9 Video game, rockets, purple, violet, team png 1381x1381px 1.32MB.Rocket League Logo Decal PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds Team Vitality, others, png 500x500px 39.64KB.Rocket League Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars Desktop, classic car, game, sport, car png 1339圆00px 588.54KB.Rocket League Monarch United States Logo Flipside Tactics, rockets, king, logo, computer Wallpaper png 1075x1075px 60.15KB.Rocket League Logo Overwatch Hearthstone, others, png 1381x1381px 1.05MB.Rocket League Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars Tom Clancy's The Division Video game Ranking, rockets, angle, orange, team png 1381x1381px 628.92KB. ![]() woman's face illustration, Rocket League Video game Twitch VRChat, Ahegao, game, monochrome, playStation 4 png 616x538px 220.13KB.gray, blue, and orange rocket, Rocket League Guess The Emoji Sticker, spaceship, spacecraft, vehicle, emoticon png 1024x1024px 70.39KB.Rocket League Car Vehicle Xbox One Video game, rocket league, blue, mode Of Transport, transport png 1118圆29px 675.24KB.Rocket League Psyonix Cloud9 Logo Team EnVyUs, Dream, blue, angle, team png 1381x1381px 772.15KB.Rocket League Nintendo Switch Unreal Tournament 2004 Video game, Rocket League rank, emblem, sport, logo png 1167x567px 567.03KB.Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars Rocket League Vehicle PlayStation 4, rocket league, car, mode Of Transport, transport png 1024x925px 524.8KB.Rocket League PlayStation 4 Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars Video game Sport, rocket league, game, text, trademark png 1024x576px 522.61KB. ![]() space craft illustration, Rocket League, rocket, spacecraft, orange, flying png 590x549px 37.73KB.Rocket League Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars Video game PlayStation 4, Rocket, game, sport, team png 1449圆62px 166.28KB.Turquoise Blue Logo Teal, rocket league, blue, angle, computer png 1381x1381px 715.56KB. ![]()
![]() ![]() In Android 1.5, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.0.1, the system checks the value of thisĪttribute when installing an application and when re-validating the applicationĪfter a system update. The value of this attribute to match the latest API level, then thoroughly test your application onĪndroid:maxSdkVersion An integer designating the maximum API level on which the application is To maintain your application along with each Android release, increase Several of these behaviors are described by the corresponding platform versions There are many compatibility behaviors that the system can enable based on the value you setįor this attribute. Lets the system apply the Holo default theme to your app when running on Android 3.0 orĬompatibility mode when running on larger screens, because support for API level 11 implicitly Level of the platform on which it's running.įor example, setting this value to "11" or higher You can disable such compatibilityīehaviors by specifying targetSdkVersion to match the API However, if the API level of the platform is higher than the version declared by your app's targetSdkVersion, the system can enable compatibility behaviors so that your appĬontinues to work the way you expect. The application is still able to run on older versions (down to minSdkVersion).Īs Android evolves with each new version, some behaviors and even appearances might change. System doesn't enable any compatibility behaviors to maintain your app's forward-compatibility This attribute informs the system that you have tested against the target version, and the Value equals that given to minSdkVersion. android:targetSdkVersion An integer designating the API level that the application targets. This reason, be certain to declare the appropriate API level in the Then when installed on a system with an incompatible API level, the applicationĬrashes during runtime when attempting to access the unavailable APIs. Isn't, and you didn't declare the proper minSdkVersion, Always declare this attribute.Īttribute, the system assumes a default value of "1", which indicates that yourĪpplication is compatible with all versions of Android. The application if the system's API level is lower than the value specified in The Android system prevents the user from installing Major version or the sum of the major and minor versions.Īttributes: android:minSdkVersion An integer designating the minimum API level requiredįor the application to run. The API level is always a single integer. The version number of the software development kit (SDK) or Android platform. The API level expressed by an application is compared to theĪPI level of a given Android system, which can vary among different Android devices.ĭespite its name, this element is used to specify the API level, not Lets you express an application's compatibility with one or more versions of the Android platformīy means of an API level integer. Before setting theseĪttributes, make sure that you understand That don't meet its platform version requirements. ![]() Attributes declared in your app manifest to filter your app from devices ![]() ![]() ![]() The extraordinary relevance of Jeddah’s tower houses is further increased by the fact that they are not only unique within the Red Sea culture region, an architectural typology born in Jeddah that spread to the nearby Hejaz cities of Al-Madinah, Makkah and Taif from where it has since completely disappeared under the pressure of modern development. The development of the Roshan tower houses in the second half of 19th century illustrates the evolution of the patterns of trade and pilgrimages in the Arabian Peninsula and in Asia following the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the development of steamboat navigation routes linking Europe with India and East Asia. Their specific aesthetic and functional patterns - absence of courtyard, decorated Roshan façades, ground floor room used for offices and commerce, rooms rented for pilgrims - reflect their adaptation to both the hot and humid climate of the Red Sea and to the specificity of Jeddah, the Gate to the Holy City of Makkah for the pilgrims arriving by sea, and an important international commercial pole. Jeddah’s Roshan tower houses are an outstanding example of a typology of buildings unique within the Arab and Moslem world. Jeddah was, for centuries, the most important, largest and richest among these settlements and today, Historic Jeddah is the last surviving urban site along the Red Sea coast that still preserves the ensemble of the attributes of this culture: commercial-based economy, multi-cultural environment, isolated outward-oriented houses, coral masonry construction, precious woodwork decorating the facades, and specific technical devices to aid internal ventilation.Ĭriterion (iv): Historic Jeddah is an outstanding reflection of its final flourishing as a trading and pilgrimage city and, the only surviving urban ensemble of the Red Sea cultural world. Historic Jeddah represents this cultural world that thrived, thanks to international sea trade possessed a shared geographical, cultural and religious background and built settlements with specific and innovative technical and aesthetic solutions to cope with the extreme climatic conditions of the region (humidity and heat). In addition, the increase in sea going vessels allowed many more pilgrims to make the pilgrimage to Makkah, resulting in an expansion in the provision of accommodation for these visitors.Ĭriterion (ii): The cityscape of Historic Jeddah is the result of an important exchange of human values, technical Know-how, building materials and techniques across the Red Sea region and along the Indian Ocean routes between the 16th and the early 20th centuries. This brought enormous wealth to many merchants who built lavishly decorated houses, and it also led to developments of suqs and mosques. Historic Jeddah reflects the final flourishing of the Indian Ocean sea trade after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the introduction of steamboats that linked Europe with India and Asia. ![]() This strict association with the Muslim annual pilgrimage (Hajj) gave Historic Jeddah a cosmopolitan population where Muslims from Asia, Africa and the Middle East resided and worked, contributing to the city`s growth and prosperity. Historic Jeddah had a symbolic role as a gate to Makkah for Muslim pilgrims reaching Arabia by boat since the 7th century AH when the 3rd Caliph Othman ibn Affan made it the official port of Makkah. The style is characterized by the imposing tower houses decorated by large wooden Roshan built in the late 19th century by the city`s mercantile elites, and also by lower coral stone houses, mosques, ribat-s, suqs and small public squares that together compose a vibrant space. Historic Jeddah is an outstanding reflection of the Red sea architectural tradition, a construction style once common to cities on both coasts of the Red sea, of which only scant vestiges are preserved outside the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the nominated property. ![]() |
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